Apparatus for controlling temperatures and humidity



May 21, 1940. T. LYDON El AL 2,201,342

APPARATUS FOR CQNTRULLING TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITY Filgd Dec. 31, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 INVENTOR $2 Tz'moir zy Zydon, Pairz'ck I ,C ydon.

ATTORNEY May 21, 1940. T. LYDON El AL 2,201,342

APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING- TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITY Filed Dec. 31, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 5 INVENTORS: .Tz'moikg .Zgdon,

[ Bzirz'ck JLydon.

By ATTORNEY May 21, 1940. I L'YDQN HAL 2,201,342

\ APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING TEMPERATURES AND HUMIDITY File d Dec. 51, 1937 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 INVENTOR5 7E'm0if72y Z ydan, Pair c7: J'Lydon.

By My ATTORNEY Patented May 21, 1940 I UNITED STATES PATENT, OFFICE APPARATUS FOR TEMPERA- TUBES AND- HUMIDITY Timothy Lydon, Tenafly, and Patrick J. Lydon,

Jersey Clty, N. J.

Application December 31, 1937, Serial No. 182,818

Claims. (cl. ass-44) This invention relates to improvements in ap- Thus objects of the present invention are to paratus for automatically controlling temperaprovide a simple economical temperature and tures and humidity, and the operation of, air humidity control which will be adaptable to the conditioning equipment and other devices such va i us phases of a r cond tio P oc s drying '5 as dryers, humidifying cabinets, etc., where acand process humidifying. However, this control 5 curate regulation of temperature and humidity is m y e ppli to a great V r y f centre! pv essential to proper results. Humidostats and hyerations too numerous to mention and we theregrometers which are actuated by strands of hair, fore do not wish to confine our control to the air small pieces of wood or skin are generally known con industry but Wish to include also to. be inaccurate and unreliable. Our invention such processes as y require the accurate u- 10 does not use any of these materials as an actuatlation of temperaturein re a on t t e Va y ing medium. conditions of the surrounding atmosphere or of -Air conditioning applications may begrouped o es Ore materials 01"0f,1iquid$- under two principal heads, i. e., comfort air con- We may attain these objects by the control ditioning and industrial air conditioning. Under equipment and the appurtenances thereof two both of these heads we find very simple and very forms of w c are S o in the d aw n y elaborate apparatus depending on the size and any mechanical equivalents thereof or obvious on the results desired. Generally speaking commodifications oi the same. plete air conditioning systems include elements In the drawings:

or means for heating and humidifying the air in Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic chart showing the re- 20 the winter and elements for cooling the air in lationship which exists between the y il the summer; An object of our invention is to temperatures and the wet bulb temperatures for provide a H device for automatically controlling any definite fixed humidity taken over a range of such elements at all times so as to provide the dry bulb temperatures.

desired conditions of temperature and humidity. Fig. 2 shows the dimensional relationship be- 25 It is also an object of our invention to provide tween the pivoted arm of our control and the this apparatus in a simple form and such that scale of Per idi y w h w have deit can be easily adjusted to give the necessary rived. results. Fig. 3is a front view of our assembled control,

Our invention can be also used for controlling the rr un in case being S wn in 055 860 30 the temperature and humidity in dryers, hution. midifying rooms and humidifying cabinets, and Fi 4 is a pl n v w of o r assembled control we regard this as an important application of showing t relationship of the p vote m to our invention because a great many materials the other parts.

must be processed under exact conditions of tem- Fig. 5 is a side view of the control. 35 perature and humidity. At the present time, the Fig. 6 is a detailed cross sectional view of the apparatus being d for controlling such equip- .temperature sensitive elements and bellows used ment is very complicated. to operate our control.

Our invention may also be used as a difieren- Fig. 7 is a typical wiring diagram of a shaded 4o tial temperature control. By this we mean that pole motor such as we utilize with our control.

we can use the control to regulate and control Fig. 8 is schematic drawing showing the relathe temperature in a room, cabinet, or duct, in a tionship between the various parts of our control definite relationship to another temperature and the elements of a typical air conditioning which may vary. For instance the control may system and showing the interconnecting wiring be usedto maintain the temperature of a'room system. 45 at a definite temperature above that of the out- Like characters of reference refer to like parts side air, or to control the temperature in a duct throughout the difi'erent views. at a definite point above or a definite point be- For saturated air the dry and wet bulb temlow the temperature of a room. peratures are the same so that for every incre- 5q This invention includes certain features and ment of increase in the dry bulb temperature improvements of the control deviceshown in our thereis the same increase in the wet bulb tem- Patent No. 2,105,038, dated Jan. 11, 1938, for perature. For any definite humidity less than Apparatus for humidifying textile yarns; and percent there is a practically fixed relation the present application is a continuation-in-part ship between the dry bulb temperatures and the 55 of said patent. corresponding wet bulb temperatures. This re- 55 lationship may be plotted and shown by means of a chart as indicated in Figure I.

In Figure 1 the numbers on the left hand vertical line represent dry bulb temperatures. The

numbers on the right hand vertical line represent wet bulb temperatures. The horizontal line AB is divided into. 10 equal parts. Ii. lines BC, ZBD, BE, and BF are drawn as shown between the zero point on the horizontal line and the various dry bulb temperatures the following relationship is found to exist with reference to various humidities.

Referring toour psychrometric chart, we find that at 80 F. and a relative humidity of 60% the wet bulb temperature is 69.5 F.

We draw a horizontal line across from the right hand vertical line so that it intersects the line BD. At this intersection we draw a vertical line 0G. We call this our 60% relative humidity line and we find that it we plot from our psychrometric chart several wet and dry bulb temperatures corresponding to 60% relative humidity that they all fall in or very close to this vertical line 0G. For instance if we refer to our psychrometrlc chart for the wet bulb temperature corresponding to 100 F. dry bulb and 60% relativehumidity it happens to be 87 F. Drawing a horizontal line across from 87 F. wet bulb we find it intersects the line BC at a point a: which is also on the line obtained by projecting the line GO. Similarly if we look up the wet bulb temperature corresponding to 50 F. dry bulb and 60% relative humidity we find it to be 43.6" F. and when this wet bulb temperature is projected across to intersect the line BF it does so at a point on the line 0G.

We can in a similar manner plot other vertical lines which will represent other humidities such as the line HM which represents 40% relative humidity.

Using geometry and taking the triangles BAF and BGP we have the relationship Since AF represents dry bulb temperature and GP represents wet bulb temperature we have- Dry bulb temperature Bi Wet bulb temperature GB In Figure 2 we show how this relationship of the dry bulb temperature to the wet bulb temperature for a fixed relative humidity is utilized in our control. The line JL which is 6" long represents the pivoted arm of our control. We utilize temperature sensitive elements in our control which expand .00 per F. It we set the lowest point of operation for the dry bulb temperature of our control at 50 F. we get an expansion of 54'. We therefore set our 50 F. point B at j," above the horizontal. The F. point will come from the horizontal and the F. point T will be 54;" *above the horizontal. With this relationship of measurements and utilizing the principle of the chart shown in Figure 1 we find we can establish a humidity scale as indicated by the numbers 10 to 100 in Fig. 2.

The instrument, as illustrated in the drawings consists essentially of a base plate I to which is attached the back plate 2 to which is afllxed the case 3. .This case is hinged at 4v to the movable part 5 shown in Fig. 5. This case is stifiened by the bracketsfi and the base plate l is rigidly supported by the brackets i. A mounting plate 3 is attached to the case 3 for purposes of mounting the instrument on the wall or post.

The base plate I is provided with two posts 9. Between these posts is the pivoted arm I0. This arm is freely pivoted between the pivot points I I. These pivot points are threaded into the posts 3 and secured from loosening by the lock nuts 12.

Attached to the base plate I, on the bottom, are the slide members l3 and I4. These are shaped to form brackets to support the slidable pieces 15 and IS. The pieces l5 and it may be moved in the grooves formed by the members l3 and I4.

The slidable pieces l5 and i5 are provided with threaded holes into which are securely screwed the bearing members I! and I8. Affixed at the bottom to the bearing members I! and I8 are the temperature sensitive members 19 and 20. Referring to Figs. 3 and 6 the temperature sensitive members are made up of the bulbs 2| and 22, the capillary tubes 23 and 34 connecting the bulbs to the enclosure tubes 25 and 25. Inside the enclosure tubes 25 and 25 are contained bellows 21. The bellows 21 is attached at 28 to the enclosure 25. The space between the. enclosure tubes and the bellows and the space leading down therefrom through the capillary tube to the bulb is filled with a non-compressible but temperature' sensitive liquid which for clearness we have not shown.

Attached to the bottom of the bellows is the small circular disc 29 which is provided with a socket 30. Referring to Figure 3 the bearing members I! and I8 are provided with square and exact longitudinal openings or bores, so that the square shafts 3| and 32 placed inside of them, can move up or down but cannot turn. The lower portions 33 and 34 of the shafts 3| and 32 are circular in cross section so that in each case a compression spring 35 can be placed about them. These compression springs 35 bear against a collar 35 attached at the bottom of the lower portion of the shaft 33, and bear at the other and against the heads 3'! of the tubes 25, 25 which heads engage the shoulder 3! made by'the square section of the shaft 3i.

The pieces 38 and 39 are threaded and fastened to the bearing members I! and I8 near the top. Lock nuts 48 and 4| are provided to securely fasten them. To the pieces 38 and 39 are tastened the angle shaped bracket pieces 42 and 43. These pieces are fastened to the pieces 38 and 39 by screws 44 and 45 and with slotted holes 45 to allow for adjustment.

The angle shaped bracket pieces 42 and 43 are provided with horizontal spindles 41 and 48 which form bearings for the Jaw pieces 49, 50, and 5|, and 52. The jaw pieces are furnished with springs 53 and 54 to keep the jaw pieces 53. These blocks are provided with small con tact points 54, 55, 55, and 51 made of platinum iridium or some similar good contact material. The contacts are attached to the ends oi. brass screws 58, 58, 70', and" H which are threaded into the insulating blocks and the lock nuts 12 are to hold the screws securely in place.

On the L shaped bracket pieces and behind the jaw pieces are provided the temperature scales I8,- and 14. These scales are made of a transparent material which is known as Plexiglass. The scales are placed opposite the pointed ends of the jaws. The horizontal spindles l1, and 48 have projections on the rear of the, L shaped bracket pieces 42 and I8 and on these projections are carried, the arms 15 and 15. These arms are held in place by the set rings 11 so that they cannot move from their own weight but can be moved by applying a small force to the end of the arm, and so that after they are moved they will maintain themselves in the new position until a similar force is applied.

The arms 15 and 16 are each provided with a small non-resilient rectangular projection arranged at right angles to the plane of the arms, these projections are numbered 18 and 10. They are placed on the arm so that they extend out and come directly between the platinum iridium contact points.

The square shafts I and 32 have horizontal pins and 8| which are of circular cross section and which extend out from the shafts and between the jaw pieces 49 and" 80 and the jaw pieces 5| and 52. Each of the square shafts 8| and 82' are also provided with slender vertical shafts 82 and 83. The shafts 82 and 88 are made of brass but the shaft 88 is provided with a platinum iridium contact point.

The pivoted arm I0 extends from the pivot points It to a short distance beyond the vertical shafts 82 and 88. Immediately above the square plane with the lower surface of the pivoted arm I0 although for applications where the instrument is used as a differential thermostatic control this surface may be set at a definite distance above or below the plane in which lies the lower surface of the pivoted arm l0.

Referring to Figures 4 and 6 it will be ,seen that the ,slidable piece I5 is furnished with a 'lip 89. This lip is provided with a cavity 80 into-which is accurately fitted the s 00th circular head 9| of the threaded shaf 82. The head 9| is held in the cavity by a cover piece 83 which may be partly seen in Fig. 5. The head 9| is freeto turn in the cavity but without the presence of looseness or play.- The shaft 92 is threaded through the flange 90 which is provided on the base plate I. The threaded shaft is provided with a large, slotted head which is used to turn the shaft and by this means move the slidable member I5 and the parts attached to it in a direction away from, or towards the flange 94. In a similar manner the slidable member 56 may be moved back or forth for a through this coil to the line I03.

by the current flowing in the field coil 6% a I90 is for humidity and the scale I88 is for differential in temperature. 8

8 Referring to Figure '7 we indicate a typical wiring arrangement for use in connection with a shaded pole motor. The power lines I08 and I00 furnish current to the field coil I05 of the vshaded pole motor of which I08 represents the The motor is provided with two magnetic core. shading coils I01 and I08 which are connected in series with one another being connected at one end to the contact lever I09 and at the other end to the ground IIO. Below the contact lever I09 is indicated a contact post III connected to ground IIOA. The armature H2 of the shaded pole motor is free to rotate and is provided on its shaft with a gear H3 which engages the geared segment II of a pivoted member II5 which is free to pivotabout the axis 1 I8. Attached to the member H5 is the mercury switch H1 and connected to the terminals of this switch are two leads H8 and H9. The lead II! is connected to the coil -I20 of the solenoid valve I2I and The line H8 is connected to the power line I08.

Referring to Figure 8 'weindicate the bellows enclosure tube 25A and 26A from which project the shafts 3IAand 32A by means of which are actuated the jaw pieces 49A, 50A, 5IA, and 52A.

At the end of the jaw-pieces are indicated the insulating pieces 00A, .8IA, 62A, and 53A, to which are attached the contact points 88A, 65A, 58A. and 51A At the top of the shaft 82A is indicated the contact point 84A immediately above which is located the contact point the screw to which is attached the platinum iridium surface 88A. The screw 86A is attached to the insulating block 85A which is attached to the pivoted arm IOA. Indicated as lying between the contact points 64A and 85A is the projection 18A and between the points 66A and 81A is the projection 19A. Both of these projections are attached to the ground IIOB.

The mercury switches I22, I29, I41, I10 and 211 of Fig. 8 are influenced or operated by apparatus s'imilarto that of Fig. 'l in the manner described of such apparatus, the field coils I23, I30, I50, I65 and I18 of Fig. 8 corresponding to the field coil I05 of Fig. 7 and the shading coils I20, I3I, I5I, I88 and I19 of Fig. 8 corresponding to the shading coils I01, I08 of Fig. '1.

Referring further to Figure 8 we indicate a mercury switch at 522 the position ofwhich is influenced by the field coil I23 and the shading coil I24 of a shaded pole motor: The terminals of the mercury switch are attached by the leads E25 and I28 to the power leads I03A and more. so that when the mercury switch I22 is closed the unit heater E28.

The mercury switch Me has three terminals through which two different circuits can he made. The'position of the bottle is influenced the shading coil I35 of a shaded pole motor. field coil @38 is connected to the power in HA and IMA by the leads 532 and E33. 0 end of the shading coil is connected to grow H03 and the other end is connected to t ing through the field coil I56 and the shading coil I5I of a shaded pole motor. The field coil I56 is connected by leadsv I52 and I53 to the power leads I 63A and MA. The shading coil I5I is connected at one end by the lead I54 to the screw 86A and the contact surface 88A and is connected on'the other end to ground IIIIB. The terminal I46 is connected by the lead I to the. power line MA and the terminal I48 is connected by the lead I56 to the coil I51 of the solenoid valve I58. Thecoil I51 is connected by the leads I59 and I with the relay I6I which makes and breaks the circuit in the line I 64B. 7

The solenoid valve I58 is the main valve and when open allows water to pass to the spray nozzles I62 through the pipe I63.

The mercury switch I64 is influenced by the current flowing in the field coil I and the shading coil I66 of a shaded pole motor. The field coil is connected by leads I61 and I68 to the power leads NBA and I04B as indicated. One end of the shading 6011 I66 is connected by the lead I69 with the contact point 66A. At the other end it is connected to ground. One terminal I16 of the mercury switch I64 is connected by the lead I12 to the power lead I643 and the other terminal I1l is connected by the lead I13 to the coil I14 of the solenoid valve I15, the coil itself being connected to the power lead I03A by the lead I16. When the solenoid valve is open it allows hot water to pass to the spray nozzles I62 through the pipe I11.

The mercury switch 211 is influenced by the current flowing in the field coil I16 and the shading coil I19 of a shaded pole motor. The field coil is connected by the leads I86 and I8I to the power leads I63A and I64B. The shading coil is connected on one end to the contact point 65A by the lead I88 and on the other end to ground HOB by the lead I89. The terminals I82 and I83 of the mercury switch 211 are connected as indicated by the leads I84 and I85 to'the power leads H143 and the coil I86 of the solenoid valve I81, the coil I86 being connected at the other end to the power lead I63A by the lead I96. When the solenoid valve I81 is open it allows cold water to pass to the spray nozzles I62 through the pipe I9I.

.- Operation 1 When our apparatus is used as a humidity control the bulb 2I is used as a wet bulb by being suspended over a small water tank and furnished with a wick which absorbssome of the Water so that as air is blown over the bulb and wick,

Y a wet bulb depression occurs at all humidities below 100%. The bulb 22 is used as the dry bulb.

Our instrument is calibrated at 70 F. and is principally for operation at temperatures from 30 F. and upward to 120 F. although it can be used equally well over other ranges by using different bulbs. The calibrating temperature of 70 F. is suitable however for general air conditioning work, We therefore set our scale and arrange the various adjustments or our instrument so that when the temperature of each bulb is 70 F. the two pointers 56 and 51 point to the center mark of the scale 13 and the two pointers 58 and 59 are opposite the center of the scale 14. In these positions the jaw pieces 49 and 50 and 5| and 52 are together and areall horizontal.

If the temperature or the bulb 2I is decreased the pressure of the liquid inside is decreased and the socket 36 at the bottom of the bellows recedes downward slightly, allowing the shaft 33 to recede downward slightly, under the pressure of the compression spring 35. As the lower portion 33 of the shaft recedes downward so does the upper square portion 3| and the horizontal pin 86. As the post moves downward it forces the jaw piece 50 to pivot and open away from the jaw piece 49 against the pressure of the spring 53. As the jaw 56 opens away from the jaw 49 an air gap is created between the contact point 65 and the projection 18 which is attached to the arm 15 which remains fixed until moved by the hand.

Similarly if the temperature of the bulb H is increased the jaw piece 49 pivots upward opening an air gap between the contact point 64 and the projection 18.

In a similar manner when the bulb 22 is cooled the jaw 52 opens downward creating an air gap between the contact point 61 and the projection 19 and when the temperature of the bulb increases an air gap is made between the contact point 66 and the projection 19.

The temperature at which separation of the contact point 64 from the projection 18 occurs may be selected readily oh the temperature scale 13 and definitelyfixed by moving the arm 15 and the projection with it so that the projection .16 is opposite the temperature selected on the scale. Similarly the temperature at which the contact point 66 separates from the projection 19 may be selected and set by moving the arm 16 and with it the projection 19 until this projection is opposite the desired temperature as marked on the temperature scale 14.

Under operating conditions we utilize the separation of the contact 64 from the projection 18 to shut ofi the heating medium and we utilize the separation of the bottom contact point 65 from the projection 18 to turn on the heating medium. In this manner we have upper and lower limits with reference to the point of con- -trol. The number of degrees between the temperature at which the heat is knocked off and the temperature at whichit is knocked on is known as the differential and may be definitely set by adjusting the distance between the two contact points 64 and 65 when the jaws are closed. In a similar manner we have upper and lower temperature limits for the controlling mechanism in connection with the bulb 22. In this case also the differential may be set by adjusting the distance between the contact points 66 and 61 when the jaws are closed. In operation as a humidity control the bulb 2I is used as a wet bulb and the bulb 22 is used as the dry bulb.

In calibrating our instrument both bulbs are placed in water so as to be at the same temperature of 70 F. and at the same time both the vertical shafts 82 and 83 and the assemblies to which they are attached are brought in line so as to be exactly equidistant from the center line XY of the pivot points II. At the same time the vertical distance of these points above'the top surface of the base plate I is made exactly more than the vertical height of the center line fortable room temperature and is the temperaof the pivot points II above the base'plate I. This gives a slope of V :in 6" to the pivoted arm III, with respect to the base plate I, and in this position the top of the shaft 82 just touches the bottom of the pivoted arm III while the top of the shaft 83 just touches the platinum iridium surface 88 which is adjusted to be exactly in the same plane as the bottom surface of the pivoted arm III. We select 70 F. as our calibrating point because this temperature appears to be a comture usually required around factories, homes, etc. If this control were to be used at lower temperatures it would be calibrated in a similar manner but at a lower temperature. If the control is to be used at relatively high temperatures it would accordingly be calibrated to suit the scale. of operation. In the instance under consideration the lowest temperature represented on the scale is 20F. and the highest is 120 F. This gives us a temperature range of from 20 F. to 120i F.

' In operation as a humidity control the vertical shaft 83 and the parts attached to it remain stationary with respect to the horizontal distance away from the center line XY of the pivot points II. The vertical shaft 82 together with its attachments 3|, 33, bearing member I1, slidable piece I5 and enclosure tube 25 may be all moved inward towards the center line XY of the pivots II, by turning ,the slotted head 95. In future'we will refer towthis assembly as the Q assembly for brevity. To set the instrument to a selected percentage of humidity we turn the slotted head 95 until the pointer (I93 Fig. 5) attached to the slidable piece I5 corresponds with this particular humidity as marked on the humidity scale I94.

In addition to. selecting the humidity on the humidity scale and moving the Q assembly accordingly, we set the dry bulb temperature we require on the right hand scale I4 by moving the arm I6 and setting the projection I9 opposite the desired temperature. Then referring to our psychrometric chart we determine the wet bulb temperature corresponding to the humidity selected and we set this temperature on the left hand scale 13. Under ordinary circumstances we allow a small space to exist between the contact points 64, and 65, and 66 and 61, this space being such that the differential temperature is about 1 F. The projections 18 and 19 although indicated to have thickness are in actual practice very thin pieces of platinum iridium fastened to the end of substantially stiff pieces of brass.

Each of the brass screws 68, 69, I0, and II are connected to separate small flexible wires which for clearness are not shown and which are insulated except at the point-of connection and these wires are threaded'through small openings in the lugs 55. Each'of these wires are connected to separate insulated terminals (not indicated) in the instrument case. To these terminals are made the required connections when placing the control instrument in operation.

The operation of the control in conjunction with the various parts of an air conditioning electrical circuit containing the shading coils I II! and I08 by allowing the contact lever I49 to touch the contact I I I, the current induced in the shading coils .by the alternating magnetic fieldof the magnetic core, is permitted to flow through the circuit containing these shading coils. Passage of this current unbalances the armature I I2 and causes it to rotate in a clockwise direction so that the gear or pinion Ill turns with it and causes to turn in a counterclockwise direction the geared segment II 4, about the axis 6. In turning about the axis in this manner the geared segment 4 carries with it the mercury switch III tipping it into the closed position so that current passes through the line H9, through the coil I29 and opens the solenoid valve I2I.

Referring to Figure 8 it can be seen that we have shown our control diagrammatically, as well as the several operating elements which would make up a complete air conditioning system. We have indicated our method of controlling the operation of these elements by means of several shaded pole motor relays operatingin conjunction with our control. These relays in actual practice would be grouped together inside a single electrical control panel.

Assumingvthat we have set our control for have also set'our relative humidity with respect to, the humidity scale I94 and that we have made the electrical connections as indicated in Figure 8. The action of the control would be as follows, over a winter summer period.

In the winter under normal circumstances it would be necessary to supply both heat and humidity to a home or factory building. As the temperature normally would be too low the contact 62A would touch the projection 19A allowing current to flow'through the shading coil I24 and tipping the mercury switch into the closed position so that the motor I21 runs and blows air through the unit heater I28 to heat the room up. Under normal winter conditions the wet bulb temperature and humidity would be low and this being the case the contact 64A would touch the projection 18A allowing current to flow' through the shading coil I66 which causes the mercury switch I64 to tip and allow current to flow in the coil I14 of the hot water solenoid valve I15 opening the valve and allowing hot water to be sprayed through the nozzles I62 by means of which the air circulated in the room is humidified. It will be noticed however that before we can get current in line III4B so as to energize the coil I65 that the relay ISI must 4 be in the closed position. Because at the outset the humidity was below the desired amount the shaft 3IA will be in a retracted position and will allow the contact surface 88A to touch the contact 84A allowing current to flow in the shaded coil 'I5I and tipping the mercury switch I41 opening the main solenoid valve I58 and closing the normally open relay ISI. The opening of the valve lEB allows water to be sprayed from the spray nozzles I82 and this water is mixed with hot water from the valve I15.

In due time the temperature of the room will reach the desired point and, the contact 66A will be lifted away from the projection 19A and in due time also the wet bulb temperature and the humidity will reach the desired point in which case the shaft 3IA will lift the pivoted arm IDA and cause the separation of the contact surface 88A from the contact 84A and separation also of the contact 64A from the projection 18A. The

spacing of the contacts 84A and A is arranged so that separation of contacts 88A and 84A takes place first so that the hot water valve H5 is opened at such times as the humidity and wet bulb temperature fall excessively. Under normal conditions cooling or dehumidification should not be required during the winter season so to explain how our control functions with respect to cooling and dehumidification we will next consider summer conditions.

Under normal summer conditions the prevailing temperature and humidity would be too high particularly in a factory where considerable heat may be given off by electric motors and moving parts. When the temperature exceeds the desired amount the shaft 32A, will be elevated and will allow the contact point 61A to touch the projection 18A allowing current to flow in the shading coil I St and causing the mercury switch I28 to tilt in a position so that current flows from the power lines ID3A and MA to the terminals I34 and I31 through the damper operating coil I4IA which causes the fresh air damper I44 to open and the recirculating damper I45 to close by means of the linkage I43. When the damper I44 is open fresh air is drawn into the room through the duct I46 by the fan 291. v

The wet bulb temperature being also excessive during normal summer conditions the shaft 3IA will be elevated and will allow the contact 65A to touch the projection 18A allowing current to pass through the shading coil I18 tipping the mercury switch 211 thus allowing current to flow in the coil I86 of the solenoid valve thus opening this valve and allowing cold water to be sprayed by the spray nozzles I62 into the air being discharged into the room from the duct I46. The water passing through the valve I81 may be cold well water or water chilled by refrigerative means. As the wet bulb temperature declines due to the dehumidification brought about by the cold water sprays, the shaft 3IA recedes downward creating an air gap between the contact 65A and the projection 18A thus knocking off the circulation of cold water to the spray nozzles.

When in summer the temperature reaches the desired point the shaft 32A recedes and creates an air gap between the contact 61A and the projection 18A thus breaking the current in the shading coil I3I and allowing the mercury switch I 29 to resume its normal position such that current can flow between the terminals I34 and I31 and in the coil I4I of the damper operating motor I42 which through the linkage I43 4 causes the damper I44 to close and the damper I45 to open so that the air in the room is now recirculated through the recirculation intake I88 in the duct I48. As some heat is being generated in the room and given off into the air, the natural tendency will now be for the dry bulb temperatureto again begin increasing.

Until such time as the wet bulb temperature in the room reaches the desired point cold water willicontinue to circulate through the sprays I 62, and to decrease both the wet and dry bulb temperatures. If the dry bulb temperature in the room is excessively diminished before the wet bulb temperature is reached some heat may be turned on as in the winter, ,but the heat generated in the room would ordinarily make this unnecessary as condensation of moisture from the air by the cold sprays and expansion of the air due to recirculation and the heat generated in the room by machinery or heat given oil. from other sources would cause a rapid decrease in the humidity or in the wet bulb temperature.

In addition to being used as a humidity control this device can also be used as a differential control in either of two ways. The first method of pp ying this device as a differential control is as follows: Set the vertical shafts 82 and 83 and the parts attached to them at equal distances from the axis XY of the pivot points II. Now set the vertical height of these shafts so that they are both the same so that the shaft'82 will touch the bottom surface of the pivoted arm i0 and the shaft 83 will touch the bottom platinum iridium surface 84 of the screw 86. Suppose then we want to control the temperature in a duct so that it is always 5 below the outside room air. We put the bulb 2! in the air of the room and put the bulb 22 in the duct. We then lower the surface 84 by turning down the screw 86 a small amount corresponding to the five degrees dilference we wish to maintain. In using our control in this manner we control the temperature by means of the making and breaking of the circuit between the top of the shaft 83 and the surface 84 and do not utilize the other control contactsat all. The five degrees difference will be maintained by the making and breaking of the circuit between the contacts 83 and 84 and the bulb 2i being placed in the room will cause the pivoted arm III to move up or down .with the room temperature thus causing the control point to change as the room temperature changes.

The second method of using the control as a differential control is preferable to the first because by the second method a more delicate setting can be made. This method is as follows: Set the vertical shafts 82 and 83 and the parts attached to them at equal distances from the axis XY of the pivot points I I. Set the vertical height of these shafts so that they are both the same and so that the shaft-82 touches the bottom surface of the pivoted arm I8 and the shaft 83 touches the bottom platinum iridium surface 84 of the screw 86, the surface 84 and the bottom surface of the pivoted arm I8 being in the same plane.

Now to set a differential temperature between the bulb 2| and the bulb 22 we merely turn the knob 95 so that we move the whole assembly Q so that the pointer I83 is opposite the diiferential temperature marked on the differential scale I 89. As explained previously the pivoted arm I8 is inclined slightly to the base plate I, so that as we move the assembly Q towards the axis XY the shaft 82 raises the pivoted arm III slightly opening up a gap between the shaft 83 and the surface 84, the amount of this gap depending on the amount we move the assembly Q, towards the axis XY. As the pivoted arm I0 is inclined at only a slight angle it is possible to move the assembly Q so as to leave a very small space between the shaft 83 and the surface 84 and thus set a very small differential temperature, the differential temperature corresponding to certain amounts of movement being marked on the diflerential scale I99 on the side.

We claim as our invention:

1. In combination, a fixed pivot means; an arm pivoted to said pivot means; supporting pieces at least one of which is adjustable toward the pivot means; members movably mounted on the respective pieces one of the members being electrically conductive; an electric contact insulated on said arm; heat sensitive devices for moving said members on the same temperature change in a direction to engage the arm and contact respectively to move the arm in the same direction; and temperature control means including electric operatigng means controlled by engagement of said conact.

2. In combination, a support; a fixed pivot means on the support; an arm pivoted at one end to said pivot means for movement toward or from the support; members slidably mounted on the support for movement toward orfrom the arm; an electrical contact insulated on said arm adjacent to one member; and heat sensitive means including means for moving said members toward or from the arm and into contact with the arm and contact respectively; the part of the member engageable with the contact plate being electrically conductive.

3. In combination, a support; a fixed pivot means on the support; an arm pivoted at one end to said pivot means for movement toward or from the support; a pair of supporting pieces on said support near the free end portion of the arm and mounted for adjustment toward or from said pivot means; members slidably mounted on the respective pieces for movement toward or from the arm; heat sensitive means including means for moving said members toward or from the arm and tending to move the arm in the same direction on the same temperature change; an electrical contact insulated on said arm adjacent to one member; said members being adapted to engage the arm and contact respectively, the part of the member engageable with the contact plate being electrically conductive; and a temperature control means controlled by engagement and disengagement of said contact.

4. In combination, a support; a wide fiat arm pivoted on said support in a plane radial to the pivotal axis; supporting pieces adjustably slidably supported on said support adjacent to the free end portion of the arm, for movement substantially toward and from said axis in spaced planes perpendicular to said axis; shafts slidably mountends of said shafts being adapted to engage the adjacent faces of said arm and contact plate respectively, the end at the contact plate being electrically conductive; a temperature control means including a motor having a shading coil; and conducting means for connecting said coil in series with said contact plate and conductive end.

5. In combination, a supporting plate; a pair of posts spaced apart and mounted on said supporting plate and having pivot points respectively on said posts alined on an axis parallel to the plate; a wide flat arm pivoted at one end between said points in a plane radial to said axis and in spaced relation with the plate; spaced supporting pieces adjustably slidably supported on said plate near the free end portion of the arm, for movement toward or from said axis in planes perpendicular to said axis; shafts transverse to the plate slidably mounted on the respective pieces; a pair of thermometers having incompressible heat sensitive medium therein; means for directing the force of said mediumof the thermometers against the respective shafts to move them toward the arm; an electrically conducting contact plate in and flush with the face of said arm adjacent to one of said shafts; ends of said shafts being adapted to engage the adjacent faces of said arm and contact plate respectively, said upper part at the contact plate being electrically conductive; a temperature control means; an alternating current motor for controlling said control means provided with a shading coil; and conducting means for connecting said coil in series with said conducting plate and conducting end. 

